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UH II SEJARAH

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  1. JELASKAN SEBAB KHUSUS DARI:
          a. PARANG DUNIA II DI EROPA
                A.JERMAN MENYERANG POLANDI TAGGAL 1 SEPTEMBER 1939
           
                B.NOVEMBER 1942 JERMAN KALAH RUSIA,PADAHAL 18 BULAH SEBELUMNYA
                     HITLET TELAH MENGADAKAN PERJANJIAN DENGAN RUSIA UNTUK TIDAK
                     SALING MENYERANG.

                C.6 JULI 1944 AMERIKA SEKIKAT DIPIMPIN JEND.EINSENHOWER MENYERANG
                    DAN MENGAKHIRI KADUDUKAN JERMAN DI PERACIS (PERISTIWA INI
                    DIKANAL DENGAN D DAY)

                D.30 APRIL 1945 HITLER BUNUH DIRI,TANGGAL 7 MEI 1945 JERMAN MEYERAH
                    TANPA SYARAT KEPADA SAKUTU DI REIMS PERANCIS DAN BARAKHIRLAH
                    PD II DI EROPA.

          b.PERANG DUN IA II DI ASIA PASIFIK
                 A.ANTARA JAPANG MELAWAN ABCD(AS,INGGIS,CINA,BELANDA)SERTA
                     ABDACOM(AS,INGGRIS,BELANDA,AUSRALIA,COMMAND)

                 B.DIAWALI DENGAN SERANGAN JAPANG KE DENGAN PANGKALAN AMERIKA                       SERIKAT DI PEAL HARBOUR HAWAI.

                  C.SEKUTU MEMBALAS JAPANG DENGAN MALANCARKAN TAKTIK LONCAT                            KADOK DIPIMPIN OLEH MAC ARTHUR .TURNING POINT KETIKA JAPANG                            KALAH DI LAUT KARANG DA MIDWAY.

                   D.INGGRIS MENGALAHKAN JAPANG KE MYANMAR DIPIMPIN OLEH LORD                              LOUIS MAUNTBETTEN.

                    E.6 DAN 9 AGUSTUS 1945 SEKUTU MENJATUHKAN BOM ATOM DI HIROSHIMA
                       DAN NAGASAKI YANG MENANDAKAN BERAKHIRNYA PD II.


           2.SEBUTKAN 3 NEGARA  FASIS BESERTAPEMIMPINNYA ?

  • ITALIA DIPIMPIN BENITO MUSOLINI
  • JERMAN DIPIMPIN ADOLF HITLER
  • JAPANG DIPIMPIN KAISAR HIROHITO


         3.SEBUTKAN SEBAB UMUM PERANG DUNIA II ?

          A.PERTENTANGAN PAHAM LIBERALISME(MENJUJUNG TINGGI HAK KEBEBASAN                   WARGA NAGARA )DAN TOTALITERISME(SEGALA SESUATU OLEH NEGARA).

          B.PERLOMBAAN SENJATA

           C.JERMAN MEMBALAS KEKALAHA DALAM PD II,KARENA PERJAJIAN VERSAILLES
              SANGAT MARUGIKAN JERMAN.

          D.POLITIK MENCARI KAWAN (ALIANSI).

           E.POLITIK EKSPANSI(PERLUASAN WILAYAH ).

           F.KEGAGALAN LBB DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PERDAMAIN DUNIA.


       4.SEBUTKAN ISI PERJANJIAN SAN FRANSISCO ?
 
         A.KAPULAUT JAPANG DIBAWAH PENGAWASAN AMERIKA SERIKAT.

        B.DAERAH YANG DIREBUT JAPANG DIKEMBALIKAN KEPADA PEMILIKNYA.

       C.JAPANG MEMBAYAR KERUGIAN PERANG.

      D.PENJAHAT PERANG DIHUKUM.


     5.JELASKAN AKIBAT PD II BAGI DUNIA ?

      A.SOSIAL
           a.JUTAAN MANUSIA MENINGGAL ,SAKIT,CACAT KELINGAN RUMAH.

           b.KEMSIKINAN ,KELAPARAN ,DAN WABAT PENYAKIT .

           C.IPTEK BERKEMBANG PETAS SEIRING UPAYA MEMPERTAHANKAN DIRI.

            D.PBB MEMBENTUK UNRRA(UNITED NATIONS RELIEF REHABILITATION                                  ADMINISTRATION)
       
B.POLITIK
          A.JERMAN MENJADI JERMAN  BARAT DAN TIMUR.

         B.KAREA MENJADI KAREA UTARA DAN SELATAN.

         C.INDOCINA MENJADI VIETNNAM,KAMBOJA,LAOS.

         D.INDIA MENJADI INDIA PAKISTAN,DAN BANGLADESH.

C.EKONOMI
      A.TATANAN EKONOMI DUNIA HANCUR.

      B.SARANA DAN PRASARANA KEHIDUPAN RUSAK.

     C.AMERIKA MENJADI KREDITUR BAGI NEGARA-NEGARA YANG MEMBUTUHKAN
        BANTUAN.

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UH 1 SEJARAH

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  1. Sebab umum dan sebab khusus PD I ?
  • PERTETANGAN  ATAR NEGARA EROPA
  • POLITIK MENCARI KAWAN
  • PERLOMBAAN SENJATA


           SEBAB KHUSUS
  •     SARAJEVO INCIDENT = TERBUNUHNYA PUTRA MAHKOTA AUSTRIA ,FRANS FERDINAND DAN ISTRINYA DI SARAJEVO (IBUKOTA BOSNIA)OLEH ANGGOTA SERBIA RAYA GABRIEL PRINCIPE TANGGAL 1914
     2.   a.TERPLE ALIANCE = JERMAN-AUSTRIA ,HANGARIA DAN ITALIA BERDIRI TAHUN 
            1882

           b.TRIPLE ENTENTE = PERANCIS,RUSIA,INGGIS

     3.  PIHAK YANG TERLIBAT PD I
   
          BLOK SENTRAL = JERMA,AUSTRIA,TURKI,BULGARIA

        BLOK SEKUTU = PERCIS,IGGRIS,RUSIA,ITALIA(1915),AMERIKA                             SERIKAT(1917),SERBIA,BELGIA,RUMANIA,JAPANG,PORTUGAR,DDL.


      4.SUBUTKAN ISI PERJANJIAN  VERSAILES (28 JULI 1919) ANTARA SEKUTU JERMAN:
  • JERMAN MENYERAHKAN ELZAH LOTHARINGEN KAPADA PERCISDAN BELGIA
  • JERMAN KEHILANGAN SEMUA TANAH JAJAHAN YANG DIAMBIL INGGRIS DAN PRANCIS
  • JERMAN MEMBAYAR KARUGIAN PERANG SEBANYAK 132 MILIAR MARK 
  • KAPAL-KAPAL DAGANG JERMAN DISERAHKAN KAPADA INGGRIS SEBAGAI GANTI KARUGIAN PERANG 
  • ANGKATAN PERANG JERMAN DIPERKECIL HANYA 100.000 ORANG
     5.APA ISI WILSONS FUURTEEN POINTS ?  HAK MANETUKAN NASIB SENDIRI BAGI 
        BANGSA-BANGSA DI DUNIA


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BENITO MUSOLINI HISTORY

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Italian dictator Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) rose to power in the wake of World War I as a leading proponent of Facism. Originally a revolutionary Socialist, he forged the paramilitary Fascist movement in 1919 and became prime minister in 1922. Mussolini’s military expenditures in Libya, Somalia, Ethiopia and Albania made Italy predominant in the Mediterranean region, though they exhausted his armed forces by the late 1930s. Mussolini allied himself with Hitler, relying on the German dictator to prop up his leadership during World War II, but he was killed shortly after the German surrender in Italy in 1945.                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Benito Mussolini’s self-confessed “thirst for military glory” battled his acute intelligence, psychological acumen, and political shrewdness for control over his military policies. Originally a revolutionary Socialist, he abandoned his party to advocate Italian intervention in World War I. Following the war, in which he served as a rifleman, Mussolini decided his destiny was to rule Italy as a modern Caesar and re-create the Roman Empire. He forged the paramilitary Fascist movement in 1919-1921, using it to march on Rome, become prime minister, and then to seize dictatorial power (1925-1926). By subduing Libya (1922-1932), pacifying Somalia (1923-1927), conquering Ethiopia (1935-1936), helping the Nationalists win the Spanish civil war (1936-1939), and seizing Albania (April 1939), Mussolini made Italy predominant in the Mediterranean-Red Sea region. But his military adventures in 1935-1939 left his armed forces exhausted.

National poverty, resource deficiencies, and scientific-industrial weakness, combined with inflexible commanders, plagued the Italian forces. The king, Victor Emmanuel III, provided monarchist officers with an authority figure to impede Mussolini’s dominance of the armed services. An air power enthusiast, Mussolini did create an innovative, Fascist-minded air force. It performed well over Ethiopia and Spain but lagged technologically after 1935. Mussolini promoted Fascists to leadership positions and sponsored some new army thinking in the 1930s. But bitter interservice rivalry crippled joint planning. Mussolini lacked the understanding and power to solve these problems. Thus, he pursued his imperial dreams with politically, strategically, and doctrinally incoherent forces.
Wishful thinking, megalomania, and Fascist ideology gradually overwhelmed Mussolini’s common sense. He interpreted diplomatic victories over Britain and France during the Ethiopian and Spanish wars (1935-1939) as proof of his military genius. Because of his parents’ and older brother’s short lives, Mussolini expected to die young but considered himself uniquely capable of leading Italy to greatness. Therefore he perceived a fleeting historical opportunity (1935-1945) for spectacular Italian aggrandizement by pitting Fascist-Nazi power against French-British decadence. Mussolini decided to gamble for a Mediterranean-African empire through war with the west. Winning Caesarian glory would gain him the prestige necessary to abolish the monarchy and create a truly totalitarian state.
Mussolini slowly overcame his lieutenants’ anti-German attitudes, and then allied himself with Adolf Hitler in May 1939. Mussolini expected coordinated policies to inhibit German initiatives until Italy’s forces recovered from their recent exertions. Mussolini planned for war in 1943-1945. But Hitler started World War IIin September 1939, giving only one week’s warning to the Italians and forcing an enraged, humiliated Mussolini to declare “nonbelligerence.”
Hitler’s May 1940 successes persuaded Mussolini to intervene in a presumably short, parallel war. But Italy’s cautious generals and admirals wasted brief opportunities in the Mediterranean and North Africa during June-October 1940. After Mussolini forced offensives in the fall, he suffered disasters in Greece and North Africa: only German military intervention in early 1941 preserved him from a military coup. Thereafter, Hitler dragged Mussolini in his wake, particularly once the German-Soviet war overwhelmed Axis strategy.
After the Allied victories of November 1942, Mussolini implored Hitler to make peace with Joseph Stalin and concentrate on defeating the British-American forces. Hitler’s refusal and the Sicilian invasion convinced the king and high command to overthrow Mussolin
i in July 1943. Hitler rescued him, installing Mussolini as puppet dictator of northern Italy in September. Mussolini facilitated significant war production for the Germans and the creation of large, ruthless Fascist counterinsurgency forces. The April 1945 German surrender in Italy forced Mussolini to flee. Insurgents captured and shot him.
The Reader’s Companion to Military History. Edited by Robert Cowley and Geoffrey Parker. Copyright © 1996 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

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